NOAA: A 10 percent drop in water vapor ten miles above Earth’s surface has had a big impact on global warming, say researchers in a study published online January 28 in the journal Science. The findings might help explain why global surface temperatures have not risen as fast in the last ten years as they did in the 1980s and 1990s.Observations from satellites and balloons show that stratospheric water vapor has had its ups and downs lately, increasing in the 1980s and 1990s, and then dropping after 2000. The authors show that these changes occurred precisely in a narrow altitude region of the stratosphere where they would have the biggest effects on climate.
Water vapor is a highly variable gas and has long been recognized as an important player in the cocktail of greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons, nitrous oxide, and others—that affect climate.
“Current climate models do a remarkable job on water vapor near the surface. But this is different — it’s a thin wedge of the upper atmosphere that packs a wallop from one decade to the next in a way we didn’t expect,” says Susan Solomon, NOAA senior scientist and first author of the study.
Since 2000, water vapor in the stratosphere decreased by about 10 percent. The reason for the recent decline in water vapor is unknown. The new study used calculations and models to show that the cooling from this change caused surface temperatures to increase about 25 percent more slowly than they would have otherwise, due only to the increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
An increase in stratospheric water vapor in the 1990s likely had the opposite effect of increasing the rate of warming observed during that time by about 30 percent, the authors found.
The stratosphere is a region of the atmosphere from about eight to 30 miles above the Earth’s surface. Water vapor enters the stratosphere mainly as air rises in the tropics. Previous studies suggested that stratospheric water vapor might contribute significantly to climate change. The new study is the first to relate water vapor in the stratosphere to the specific variations in warming of the past few decades.
Authors of the study are Susan Solomon, Karen Rosenlof, Robert Portmann, and John Daniel, all of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) in Boulder, Colo.; Sean Davis and Todd Sanford, NOAA/ESRL and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado; and Gian-Kasper Plattner, University of Bern, Switzerland….
Diagram from NOAA's website
1 comment:
1 out of 5 Americans Have HERPES!!!!
Herpes signs and symptoms in ladies can take the kind of a range of various outbreaks and conditions, and at times equally women and males can display no symptoms whatsoever.
Herpes is much more typical in women than men, with one in 4 women in the usa troubled from the problem. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease, and once contracted stays inside the physique for lifetime, lying dormant till a trigger for example anxiety or illness leads to an herpes outbreak.
After contracting genital herpes, most ladies will display symptoms of an primary episode within the next 2 to 10 nights. Symptoms inside the primary breakout and subsequent episodes can last up to three weeks without having therapy.
Early Genital Herpes Symptoms in Women - Prior to the Herpes outbreak
Prior to an outbreak of genital herpes happens, you could knowledge any or every one of the pursuing:
1. Itching or burning within the vagina, labia and surrounding locations, which includes the anus, upper legs and buttocks
two. Unusual vaginal discharge.
three. Swelling of the lymph nodes, combined having a feeling of pressure or bloating in the abdominal location.
4. Flu like signs and symptoms which includes headache, nausea, fever, sore limbs (such as legs and buttocks), muscle and joint soreness.
five. Urinary soreness or using up, or a trouble urinating
[url=http://www.herpessymptoms.herpesoutbreak-gentalwarts.info/]Genital Herpes Signs[/url] in Ladies - The Outbreak
When the [url=http://www.herpesoutbreak-gentalwarts.info/] genital herpes outbreak[/url] starts, you may experience the subsequent:
one. The physical appearance of sores or blisters that will range in size from tiny pimple sized dots to huge, coin sized sores. These sores will burst and scab above since the outbreak continues. They could look on your own or in lesions, and can show up within the genitals, anus, buttocks and thighs.
a couple of. A red, itching or burning up rash.
three. Soreness when urinating
four. Vaginal discharge.
Without therapy, these [url=http://www.herpessymptoms.herpesoutbreak-gentalwarts.info/]]genital herpes signs and symptoms[/url] in women can take place over a monthly basis. If you are suffering from any of these symptoms, especially if these are re-occuring regularly, you could have contracted genital herpes.
You can find broad range of medical, homeopathic and organic treatments which have been extremely successful, you should quickly look for treatment if you are going through any of the above.
Genital herpes features a significantly greater impact than the physical. It may make girls really feel alone, ashamed, depressed and anxious. If you think you are troubled from herpes, you should look for therapy, as reducing and controlling outbreaks can go a extended way in the direction of restoring your self esteem and confidence.
Post a Comment